Heading 1: Core vSphere Concepts and Management

Q: What is the primary purpose of vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)?

 A: DRS continuously monitors resource utilization across a cluster of ESXi hosts and automatically migrates virtual machines (VMs) to balance resource consumption and improve overall cluster performance and availability. It ensures that no single host is overloaded while others remain idle.

Q: Explain the difference between vMotion and Storage vMotion.

A: vMotion allows the live migration of a running VM from one ESXi host to another within the same vCenter Server instance with no downtime. Storage vMotion, on the other hand, enables the live migration of a VM's virtual disks from one datastore to another, which can be on the same or different hosts, also without any VM downtime.

Heading 2: Advanced Networking and Security

Q: Describe the functionality of a vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS).

 A: A VDS acts as a centralized management point for the networking configuration of all associated ESXi hosts within a vCenter Server. It provides features like centralized port management, private VLANs, Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), and Network I/O Control, offering greater consistency and scalability compared to standard vSwitches.

Q: What are the key benefits of using vSphere Trust Authority (vTA)?

 A: vTA enhances the security of critical workloads by creating a separate and hardened management domain for sensitive VMs. It isolates the management of these VMs from the standard vSphere management plane, reducing the attack surface and providing a higher level of assurance that these workloads are running on trusted infrastructure.

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Heading 3: Storage and Availability Solutions

Q: How does vSphere High Availability (HA) protect virtual machines from host failures?

 A: vSphere HA monitors ESXi hosts within a cluster. If a host fails, HA automatically restarts the affected VMs on other healthy hosts in the cluster, minimizing downtime and ensuring business continuity. This process relies on shared storage accessible by the remaining hosts.

Q: Explain the purpose and configuration of vSphere Replication.

 A: vSphere Replication is a hypervisor-based, asynchronous replication solution that allows you to replicate virtual machines between different vSphere environments. It enables disaster recovery by creating a copy of VMs on a target site, which can be powered on in case of a primary site failure. Configuration involves setting up replication jobs for individual VMs and defining the Recovery Point Objective (RPO).

Heading 4: Performance Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Q: What are some key performance metrics you would monitor in vSphere?

 A: Key performance metrics to monitor include CPU utilization (at host and VM levels), memory utilization (active, consumed, swapped), network throughput and latency, and disk I/O (latency, throughput, IOPS). Analyzing these metrics helps identify performance bottlenecks and resource constraints.

Q: Describe the basic steps involved in troubleshooting a virtual machine that is experiencing high CPU utilization.

A: The troubleshooting process would typically involve: 1) Verifying CPU utilization within the guest operating system. 2) Checking vSphere performance charts for CPU usage of the VM and the host. 3) Identifying any resource contention on the host. 4) Analyzing the VM's configuration and running processes to pinpoint the cause of high CPU consumption. 5) Considering resource adjustments or application optimization as potential solutions.